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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bcl-2</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable hintergrundfarbe-basis infobox float-right" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Protein_Bcl-2" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:350px;" summary="Infobox Protein">
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Bcl-2
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
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<td colspan="3" class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller; font-weight:bold;">Struktur nach <a href="Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1G5M">1G5M</a>
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<td colspan="3" class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="font-size:smaller;">
<p>Vorhandene Strukturdaten: 1g5m, 2o2f
</p>
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;;">Eigenschaften des menschlichen Proteins
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<tr>
<td><a href="Molare_Masse" title="Molare Masse">Masse</a>/Länge <a href="Prim%C3%A4rstruktur" title="Primärstruktur">Primärstruktur</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">239 aa; 26,3 kDa
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Sekund%C3%A4rstruktur" title="Sekundärstruktur">Sekundär-</a> bis <a href="Quart%C3%A4rstruktur" title="Quartärstruktur">Quartärstruktur</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Homodimer; Heterodimer
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<tr>
<td><a href="Isoform" title="Isoform">Isoformen</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Alpha, Beta
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<tr>
<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Bezeichner
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Human_Genome_Organisation" title="Human Genome Organisation">Gen-Namen</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/all?query=990">BCL-2</a></i>, BCL2
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Externe IDs
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="">
<ul><li><a href="Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/151430">151430</a></li>
<li><a href="Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:88138">88138</a></li></ul>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Vorkommen
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;">Übergeordnetes <a href="Taxon" title="Taxon">Taxon</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="Euteleostomi" title="Euteleostomi">Euteleostomi</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122; text-align:center;"><a href="Homologie_(Genetik)#Homologie_zwischen_verdoppelten_oder_fremden_Genen" title="Homologie (Genetik)">Orthologe</a>
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<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;">
</td>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122; text-align:center;">Mensch
</td>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122; text-align:center;">Maus
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="Entrez_Gene" title="Entrez Gene">Entrez</a>
</td>
<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=596&rn=1">596</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=12043&rn=1">12043</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="Ensembl" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a>
</td>
<td><span class=""><small><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000171791;db=core">ENSG00000171791</a></small></small></span>
</td>
<td><span class=""><small><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000057329;db=core">ENSMUSG00000057329</a></small></small></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P10415">P10415</a>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q4VBF6">Q4VBF6</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">Refseq</a> (mRNA)
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_000633">NM_000633</a>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_009741">NM_009741</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">Refseq</a> (Protein)
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_000624">NP_000624</a>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_033871">NP_033871</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="Genlocus" title="Genlocus">Genlocus</a>
</td>
<td><span class=""> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&position=chr18:58941559-59137593">Chr 18: 58.94 – 59.14 Mb</a> </span>
</td>
<td><span class=""> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks&position=chr1:108365740-108541821">Chr 1: 108.37 – 108.54 Mb</a> </span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a>-Suche
</td>
<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=596">596</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=12043">12043</a></span>
<p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span><b>Bcl-2</b> (Abk. für engl. <i>B-cell lymphoma 2</i>) ist ein <a href="Protein" title="Protein">Protein</a> und der Prototyp der gleichnamigen Proteinfamilie, welche bei der Regulation des programmierten Zelltods (<a href="Apoptose" title="Apoptose">Apoptose</a>) eine Rolle spielen. Einige Mitglieder der Familie fördern die Apoptose, während andere sie verhindern. Es wird vermutet, dass zumindest ein Teil dieser Proteine ihre Funktion dadurch ausüben, dass sie die Freisetzung von <a href="Cytochrom_c" title="Cytochrom c">Cytochrom c</a> aus dem <a href="Mitochondrium" title="Mitochondrium">Mitochondrium</a> durch Destabilisierung oder Stabilisierung der äußeren Mitochondrienmembran regulieren. Die Destabilisierung der äußeren Mitochondrienmembran hat durch Übertritt von Cytochrom c ins Zellzytoplasma eine proapoptotische, die Stabilisierung der äußeren Mitochondrienmembran eine antiapoptotische Wirkung. Außerdem sind wahrscheinlich einige dieser Proteine an der Aktivierung der <a href="Caspase" class="mw-redirect" title="Caspase">Procaspasen</a> beteiligt.
</p><p>Weil die korrekte Einleitung der Apoptose sehr wichtig ist, kann eine <a href="Mutation" title="Mutation">Mutation</a> in den <a href="Gen" title="Gen">Genen</a> dieser Proteine gravierende Folgen haben. Deshalb gilt diese Proteinfamilie auch als menschliches Proto-<a href="Onkogen" title="Onkogen">Onkogen</a>.
</p><p>Überaktivierungen führen zur <a href="Zellproliferation" title="Zellproliferation">Proliferation</a> des Gewebes und damit zu <a href="Tumor" title="Tumor">Tumoren</a>. Das Protein wurde erstmals im <a href="B-Zelle" class="mw-redirect" title="B-Zelle">B-Zellen</a>-<a href="Lymphom" title="Lymphom">Lymphom</a> (BCL) isoliert.
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe8">
<th colspan="2">Proteine der Bcl-2-Familie
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Anti-apoptotische Wirkung</td>
<td>
<ul><li>Bcl-2</li>
<li>Bcl-xL</li></ul>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Pro-apoptotische Wirkung</td>
<td>
<ul><li><a href="Bcl-2-Antagonist-of-Cell-Death" title="Bcl-2-Antagonist-of-Cell-Death">Bad</a></li>
<li><a href="Bax_(Protein)" title="Bax (Protein)">Bax</a></li>
<li>Bak</li>
<li>Bcl-xS</li>
<li>Bik</li>
<li>Bim</li>
<li>Bid</li></ul>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div style="clear:left;"></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hemmung_von_Bcl-2">Hemmung von Bcl-2</h2></div>
<p>Als Inhibitor des Bcl-2 wirkt beispielsweise <a href="Venetoclax" title="Venetoclax">Venetoclax</a>, das in der Therapie von <a href="Malignes_Lymphom#B-Zell-Lymphome" title="Malignes Lymphom">B-Zell-Lymphomen</a> eingesetzt wird. Nach der WHO-Nomenklatur für Wirkstoffe kennzeichnet die Wortendung <i>-toclax</i> Bcl-2-Hemmstoffe.<sup id="cite_ref-who-099388_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-099388-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chao, D.T. & <a href="Stanley_J._Korsmeyer" title="Stanley J. Korsmeyer">Korsmeyer, S.J.</a> (1998): <i>BCL-2 family: regulators of cell death.</i> In: <i><a href="Annu._Rev._Immunol." class="mw-redirect" title="Annu. Rev. Immunol.">Annu. Rev. Immunol.</a></i> Bd. 16, S. 395–419. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9597135?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9597135</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-who-099388-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-who-099388_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240099388"><i>Use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances.</i></a> In: <i>who.int.</i> 14. Oktober 2024,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 26. März 2025</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ABcl-2&rft.title=Use+of+stems+in+the+selection+of+International+Nonproprietary+Names+%28INN%29+for+pharmaceutical+substances&rft.description=Use+of+stems+in+the+selection+of+International+Nonproprietary+Names+%28INN%29+for+pharmaceutical+substances&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fpublications%2Fi%2Fitem%2F9789240099388&rft.date=2024-10-14&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
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